Researchers from Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) found that 9% of all negative drug reactions (ADRs) reported to the yellow card database are related to drugs that affect the risk of genetic factors. This interaction, known as pharmacogenomic, plays an important role in drug metabolism and response.
Among these pharmacogenomic ads, 75% of them were only connected to three again: CYP2C19– CYP2D6And SLCO1B1. These genes affect how drugs are processed or excreted by the body.
Clinical studies have shown that genetic tests may guide a pre -prescription such as selection of a drug or adjusting the dose, avoiding ADRs, and improving patient results.
Genetic variants affect most people
Population studies have shown that 99.5% of individuals have genetic variants that can lead to an atypical drug reaction. . Prepare The study of European -wide studies found that the application of a pharmacogenomic test panel can reduce the ADRS by 30%.
However, the general effect of pharmacogenomic associated drugs on the total number of reported ADR remains uncertain. To investigate this, researchers analyzed it Yellow card Reports from 1963 to 2024 to the drug and health products regulation agency.
Their work, It was published Plos Medical115,789 ADR (9%) Drugs to which pharmacogenomic guidance can change the risk have been examined by more than 1.3 million ADR report due to 2499 items. Of these, 87,339 (75%) was due to drugs that interact with three pharmacokinetic pharmacogen: CYP2C19– CYP2D6And SLCO1B1.
National Health and Care Research Institute (NIHR) Clinical Academic Instructor Chief Researcher Emma Magavern, explained Medscape News UK Since yellow card reports do not contain genetic data, we cannot say what genetic variants can not say what genetic variants from these data. ”
Instead, the researchers evaluated the Prevalence of ADR for ı the drugs that we know that we can reduce the ADR’S when we personalize the prescription based on genetic information ”. They aimed to evaluate the scale of prevented ADRs.
Common test required
Magavern wrote together 2022 Reports On pharmacogenomic that directs experts Call a wider genetic test on NHS. However, Magavern said, “The presentation of the test in NHS has been limited to individual gene-drug pairs so far.” This included:
“For the safety and effectiveness of common drugs, a wider call for more access to personalized tests continues, Mag said Magavern.
In a study, it led to a research on attitudes towards a national representative pharmacogenomy, Published in the magazine last month Qjm59%of 2719 participants reported no benefit (45%) or a side effect (46%) or both. Although most of them were not aware of the participation of DNA in the risk foreseeing, when informed, 85% thought that NHS should offer personalized recipes to people with multimorbidity receiving multiple drugs, and 58% thought it should be presented to everyone.
Psychiatric and cardiovascular drugs most affected
With the current study, Magavern supports that these results support the broader implementation of pharmacogenomic tests. The yellow card study also showed that 54,846 (47%) of all the pharmacogenomic -reduced ADRs defined are attributed to psychiatric drugs, then 28.279 (24%) attributed to cardiovascular drugs.
Considering limited resources, he proposed that the genetic test for the drug classes to perform pilotes and to target three genes connected to 75% of the prevented ADRs.
Perspectives of Genetic Test Experts
Professor Sir Munir Pirmohamed, the head of the University of Liverpool David Weatherall, said, “An interesting analysis”. He said that psychiatric and cardiovascular drugs were overly represented by high prescription rates.
However, it compared 22% of the researchers in the preparatory work and 9% of the action that can be taken into action.
The difference is largely explained by the more selective nature of the reporting in the yellow card system. It has great potential for significant low reporting and therefore “prejudice.
“We were able to show that the ADRs were reduced by 30% by using a pharmacogenetic panel that evaluates 12 gene (50% variant). Although the authors of the existing article stressed that a panel of only three pharmacogen can be potentially reduced in four pharmacogenetic modified ADR, it would not make sense to limit the panel tests in pharmacogenhetics to these three genes ”.
Pirmohamed said that adding more gene variant to a panel will not linearly increase costs. “The beauty of the pharmacogenetic test is that if the data can be stored properly in electronic patient records, it should be done once,” he said. “Limiting only 3 pharmacogen will be a lost opportunity.”
Magavern announced financing by Barts Charity and Clinical Lessons. Pirmohamed announced the partnership financing paid to Liverpool University.
Dr Sheena Meredith is a medical writer, editor and consultant in health services communication with a comprehensive experience for health professionals and general people. Qualified about medicine, law and medical ethics.
