The science behind the return of Dire Wolf

NAture gave the world a terrible wolf 2.6 million years agoAnd then, it took it hard to extinct – when the last of the species died 10,000 to 13,000 years ago. Now, the terrible wolf is back, the 21st century has been restricted Enormous biobilsDallas -based biotechnology company. On April 8, three puppies, six -month -old male Romulus and Remus and two -month female Khaleesi announced that he used both cloning and gene arrangement based on two old poles Wolf DNA samples.

“Our team took DNA from a 13,000 -year -old tooth and a 72,000 -year -old skull and made healthy terrible wolf pups, Ben Ben Lamm, the gigantic CEO, said in a statement accompanying the announcement of births. “Once upon a time, ‘enough advanced technology cannot be distinguished from magic.’ Today, our team will explain the spell they are working on.

Read more: Returning of Dire Wolf

So what exactly does this work?

Traditional cloning – which resulted in Dolly Dolly in 1996 and has been used to create pigs, cats, deer, horses, mice, goats, gray wolves, dogs and more clones since then – the invasive is a relatively simple process. First, a single cell is taken from a tissue sample of the animal to be cloned. The core of this cell, which contains the entire genetic code of the individual, is then removed and inserted into a donor of the same type of donor which is removed from its own nucleus. The ovum carrying the new genetic material is allowed to turn into an embryo and then transferred to a proxy’s uterus, resulting in a definite copy of the animal where the donor cell is taken.

Exocossal says the terrible wolf business has the basic differences. Scientists first analyzed the genome of the terrible wolves in the ancient teeth and skull. By comparing these genomes with the closest life relative of the Gray Wolf-Korkunç Wolf, they described 20 differences, including larger size, more muscular shoulders, especially howling, larger, larger teeth, more powerful shoulders and characteristic voices.

Later, the endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which make up the lining of bloody sheaths, harvests as a less invasive procedure than receiving a tissue sample of live gray wolves – and organized 14 gene in their nuclei to express these 20 terrible wolves. This is more difficult than it seems, because genes usually have more than one effect, not all are good. For example, as the company explained in the press release, Dire Wolf has three gene that encodes the light jacket, but they can cause deafness and blindness in gray wolves. The enormous team designed two gene that closed the black and red pigmentation and led to the characteristic light of the terrible wolf without any damage to the gray wolf genome.

After this was completed, the seeded seeds were then removed from the cells and the denucled gray wolf was placed in the plain. The plain was left to grow to the embryos and 45 were transferred to the uterus of two domestic greyhound mixtures. An embryo was kept in each proxy mother and Rolulus and Remus were born after 65 days of pregnancy. A few months later, the procedure was repeated with a third proxy that gave birth to Khaleesi. All three births were performed by cesarean section planned to minimize the chance of injury during birth. No proxy dog ​​had a low or dead birth during the process.

The ice age plans to use similar techniques to bring back woolen mammoths, in 2028 to express the live cell seeds of the mammoth from the closest living relatives (one of the closest living relatives of the mammoth), to express the preserved mammoth features in about 60 sets of glacial age. In early March, the company announced that it successfully tested its methods in laboratory mice and produced 38 woolen mouse puppies carrying the signed hairy jacket of the mamut. Now, in 2026, a proxy elephant says it is on the way to have pregnancy (elephants last for about two years for pregnancy).

Other studies in Mocossal’s laboratories involve not to bring back extinct animals, but to attempt to save endangered ones. Endangered species may suffer from various problems, including lack of genetic diversity known as “genetic bottleneck .. A relatively few animals mate over and over again and causing relative breeding, birth defects, sterility and health problems that proliferate through species. With these tremendously, it has targeted some types of problems and is trying to genetically diversity to its populations.

Such a project includes pink pigeons that are completely destroyed. The pink pigeon species is indigenous for Mauritius Island and once developed there, until the island was given to more sugar plantations until it lost its habitat. The introduction of rats and cats that attack the pigeon nests of humanity reduces the number of the birds to only ten people. With the help of captive reproductive programs, more than 650 pigeons were removed from the eggs and returned to Mauritius. However, with very few birds where the captive population is grown, species experience high levels of infertility due to genetic bottleneck.

To overcome this, scientists first enter the fertilized egg of a pink pigeon and remove what is known as primordial germ cells (PGCs) – the cells that eventually become sperm and eggs. In the laboratory, scientists then regulate the PGC genome to genetically bring more genetic diversity-as soon as they examine the gigantic pink pigeon alleles and do not yet know which features of more coding will produce. Then, using the fertilized egg of a common chicken, which is much more abundant than a pink pigeon egg, injected the PGCs into the embryo. Once, the cells go to the gonads and form an embryo to produce pigeon chicks, not chick, not chick, after leaving the eggs, growing and reaching sexual maturity. In the end, these pigeons would be released into the wild population and produce various young people genetically and help strengthen species.

None of this is easy and none of them are cheap – despite a valuation of $ 10.2 billion, it has a huge, resources to follow science without much concern about the price. And the company is not going alone. It makes partnership with protection organizations American Wolf Foundation, Mauritian Wildlife Foundation– Save elephantsAnd Protection country. The company worked together DOMESTIC MHA Nation Fears (Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara) In the Wolf project and tribes, the tribes expressed their desire to live terrible wolves on their territory in North Dakota. Colossal also said with the North Carolina government to use protection strategies to strengthen the endangered red wolf population there.